Case report
Anterior cervical osteophyte-related dysphagia in a long-term growth hormone user: a case report
Anterior cervical osteophytes can compress the esophagus, producing dysphagia. Although common on imaging in older adults, symptomatic osteophytic dysphagia is underdiagnosed, and the role of systemic anabolic factors in osteophyte growth is poorly characterized. A 62-year-old male ex-military recreational bodybuilder presented with cervicalgia and left shoulder pain. Cervical radiographs and MRI demonstrated multilevel degenerative changes including a prominent anterior oste…
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Study records state what a paper reported. PepIndex does not interpret findings, assess clinical significance, or restate results in language implying an application not present in the source. Last reviewed 23 Jul 2026.