LL-37
Tissue & recoveryAlso known as Cathelicidin, CAP-18
Evidence tier
Substantial published literature
3,144 publications over 35 years · trials not yet curated
- Researched since
- 1991
- Publications
- 3.1k
- Mean purity
- 96.1%
- Vendors listing
- 7
Modern Aminos shows the highest mean assayed purity for LL-37 at 99.9% across 1 lot record. Purity figures below come from the certificates named in each row.
Score breakdown
The score has two halves: the research base — how long the compound has been studied and how much has been published — and the quality of the evidence the market produces for it, aggregated across every vendor that carries it: assayed purity, lot-to-lot consistency, readable third-party certificates and those vendors’ review record. It measures the evidence base, not the merits or safety of the substance.
Studied since 1991 — 35 years of published research
How long the compound has been studied. Fifteen years or more of published literature earns full marks; a newer compound earns less.
3,144 publications indexed in PubMed
The volume of published literature located. Full marks at fifty or more publications.
Mean assayed purity 96.1% across 4 certificates
Average assayed purity on the certificates published by vendors that carry this compound. Full marks at 99.5%+, nothing at 95% or below.
±4.04 pts purity across lots, mean label deviation 13.0%
How tightly assayed purity and labeled-versus-actual mass hold across different lots. Rewards reproducible manufacturing.
7 of 7 listing vendors publish an accessible certificate policy
Whether the vendors carrying this compound publish per-lot certificates anyone can read without an account.
3 of 4 certificates from a recognised independent lab
Share of certificates issued by a recognised third-party testing lab rather than an unnamed or self-named one.
What is LL-37?
A human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide studied for antimicrobial activity, immune modulation and wound healing.
Studied in published research for antimicrobial activity and wound healing.
Regulatory status
Labeled by vendors for laboratory research use only. Not approved as a medicine in the United States, United Kingdom, or European Union.
What the research examines
The areas of published research this compound appears in. These describe what the literature has studied — never a claim of benefit, effect or suitability for any use.
Published research
Published work is largely preclinical, in cell and animal models of infection and wound repair. PepIndex does not evaluate clinical significance and does not describe administration.
- The LL-37 domain: A clue to cathelicidin immunomodulatory response? — Peptides (2023)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Peptides (2023).
- LL-37: Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with pleiotropic activity — Pharmacological reports : PR (2016)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Pharmacological reports : PR (2016).
- Antimicrobial Peptides of the Cathelicidin Family: Focus on LL-37 and Its Modifications — International journal of molecular sciences (2025)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in International journal of molecular sciences (2025).
- Rosacea: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Correlates — Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery (2024)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery (2024).
- Unique features of human cathelicidin LL-37 — BioFactors (Oxford, England) (2015)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in BioFactors (Oxford, England) (2015).
- The roles of cathelicidin LL-37 in immune defences and novel clinical applications — Current opinion in hematology (2009)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Current opinion in hematology (2009).
- The human cathelicidin hCAP18/LL-37: a multifunctional peptide involved in mycobacterial infections — Peptides (2010)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Peptides (2010).
- The human cathelicidin LL-37: a multifunctional peptide involved in infection and inflammation in the lung — Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics (2005)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics (2005).
PepIndex describes what literature exists. We do not interpret it, assess clinical significance, or publish quantities, protocols or instructions for use.
Vendor comparison
| Vendor | Score here | Price / mg | Certificates | Mean purity | Label deviation | Get it |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PeptidePlugs | 89.790% | — | 1 | 99.7% | 11.4% | |
| Ascension Peptides | 85.186% | $5.00 (33%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Protide Health | 83.994% | $15.00 (100%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Good Science Bio | 77.575% | $11.00 (73%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Modern AminosISO/IEC 17025 | 74100% | — | 1 | 99.9% | 26.4% | |
| Paramount Peptides | 72.476% | $15.00 (100%) | 0 | — | — | |
| BioLongevity Labs | 66.974% | $18.99 (127%) | 0 | — | — |
Certificate records
| Vendor | Lot | Tested | Lab | Labeled | Assayed | Discrepancy | Purity | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PeptidePlugs | 175-01-DK | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 5 mg | 5.57 mg | 11.4% | 99.7% | Vendor-published | |
| Modern Aminos | BX-P-S9G5 | Analysis FreedomDiagnostics | 5 mg | 6.32 mg | 26.4% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| crush-research | 5678CD | XYZ Labs | 5 mg | 4.8 mg | 4.0% | 95.0% | Vendor-published | |
| crush-research | 1234AB | ABC Testing Labs | 5 mg | 4.5 mg | 10.0% | 90.0% | Vendor-published |