Glutathione
OtherAlso known as GSH, L-glutathione, Reduced glutathione
Evidence tier
Regulator-reviewed human evidence
2 human trials · 2 reviews
- Researched since
- 1980
- Publications
- 97k
- Mean purity
- 99.6%
- Vendors listing
- 16
ZC Labs shows the highest mean assayed purity for Glutathione at 99.9% across 2 lot records. Purity figures below come from the certificates named in each row.
Score breakdown
The score has two halves: the research base — how long the compound has been studied and how much has been published — and the quality of the evidence the market produces for it, aggregated across every vendor that carries it: assayed purity, lot-to-lot consistency, readable third-party certificates and those vendors’ review record. It measures the evidence base, not the merits or safety of the substance.
Studied since 1980 — 46 years of published research
How long the compound has been studied. Fifteen years or more of published literature earns full marks; a newer compound earns less.
96,694 publications indexed in PubMed
The volume of published literature located. Full marks at fifty or more publications.
Mean assayed purity 99.6% across 15 certificates
Average assayed purity on the certificates published by vendors that carry this compound. Full marks at 99.5%+, nothing at 95% or below.
±0.41 pts purity across lots, mean label deviation 6.7%
How tightly assayed purity and labeled-versus-actual mass hold across different lots. Rewards reproducible manufacturing.
16 of 16 listing vendors publish an accessible certificate policy
Whether the vendors carrying this compound publish per-lot certificates anyone can read without an account.
14 of 15 certificates from a recognised independent lab
Share of certificates issued by a recognised third-party testing lab rather than an unnamed or self-named one.
What is Glutathione?
A tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine and glycine that is the body’s principal intracellular antioxidant, supplied for research and compounding in its reduced form.
Studied in published research for antioxidant defence, detoxification and skin health.
Regulatory status
Labeled by vendors for laboratory research use only. Not approved as a medicine in the United States, United Kingdom, or European Union.
What the research examines
The areas of published research this compound appears in. These describe what the literature has studied — never a claim of benefit, effect or suitability for any use.
Published research
Extensively studied in humans as an endogenous antioxidant and in supplementation research. PepIndex does not evaluate clinical significance and does not describe administration.
- The antioxidant glutathione — Vitamins and hormones (2023)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Vitamins and hormones (2023).
- Glutathione Component of Antioxidant Status in Menopausal Women with Insomnia — Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine (2022)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine (2022).
- Glutathione, an Antioxidant Tripeptide: Dual Roles in Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention — Current protein & peptide science (2019)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Current protein & peptide science (2019).
- Glutathione and peroxisome redox homeostasis — Redox biology (2023)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Redox biology (2023).
- [Metabolism and antioxidant function of glutathione] — Pathologie-biologie (1996)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Pathologie-biologie (1996).
- Involvement of glutathione/glutathione S-transferase antioxidant system in butyrate-inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation — The FEBS journal (2007)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in The FEBS journal (2007).
- Versatile Nanodrugs Containing Glutathione and Heme Oxygenase 1 Inhibitors Enable Suppression of Antioxidant Defense System in a Two-Pronged Manner for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy — Advanced healthcare materials (2021)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Advanced healthcare materials (2021).
- Uterine non-enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanisms (glutathione, vitamin C, copper and zinc) in diagnosis of canine pyometra — Polish journal of veterinary sciences (2019)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Polish journal of veterinary sciences (2019).
Indexed studies4 human-evidence of 4
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial — Human — controlled trial, 2023
Elevated oxidative stress (OxS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and hallmarks of aging are identified as key contributors to aging, but improving/reversing these defects in older adults (OA) is challenging. In prior studies, we identified that deficiency of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) could play a role and reported that supplementing GlyNAC (combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine [NAC]) in aged mice improved GSH deficiency, OxS, mitochondrial fatty-acid o…
- Effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine in autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials — Meta-analysis, 2021
Currently, pharmaceutical treatment options for autism spectrum disorder are limited. Brain glutaminergic dysregulation is observed in autism spectrum disorder. N-acetylcysteine, which can be converted to glutathione and subsequently release glutamate into the extracellular space, and thus reduce glutamatergic neurotransmission at synapses, is considered a potential drug for autism spectrum disorder treatment. Here, we analyzed the treatment effects of N-acetylcysteine on aut…
- Effect of omega-3 fatty acids and fish oil supplementation on multiple sclerosis: a systematic review — Systematic review, 2021
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, resulting in the degradation of the myelin sheath. Diet especially fish oils and omega-3 has been found to play an important role in MS. This work aimed to review the literature systematically for evidence on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DPA and DHA) on MS progression in adults.Methods: The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Oxford, Cochrane, Embase, Intern…
- Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione — Human — controlled trial, 2015
Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant endogenous antioxidant, is a critical regulator of oxidative stress and immune function. While oral GSH has been shown to be bioavailable in laboratory animal models, its efficacy in humans has not been established. Our objective was to determine the long-term effectiveness of oral GSH supplementation on body stores of GSH in healthy adults. A 6-month randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of oral GSH (250 or 1,000 mg/day) on…
Evidence digest
What the research on Glutathione actually shows
The indexed literature on Glutathione includes human clinical or observational records (4 human-clinical or observational records). This digest describes the shape of that evidence and links the records behind it. It does not judge whether Glutathione is safe or effective for any purpose, and nothing here is medical advice — the material sold by the vendors in this index is labeled for laboratory research use only.
3 things the literature does not establish →
PepIndex describes what literature exists. We do not interpret it, assess clinical significance, or publish quantities, protocols or instructions for use.
Vendor comparison
| Vendor | Score here | Price / mg | Certificates | Mean purity | Label deviation | Get it |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Next Gen PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 93.897% | $0.03 (43%) | 2 | 98.8% | 2.9% | |
| Ascend ScienceISO/IEC 17025 | 90.291% | $0.04 (57%) | 2 | 99.6% | 31.3% | |
| PeptidePlugs | 89.790% | — | 2 | 99.8% | 1.4% | |
| Hydro Research PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 88.289% | — | 1 | 99.2% | 12.6% | |
| Prime PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 87.180% | — | 1 | 99.8% | 0.6% | |
| Evo Labs Research | 81.489% | $0.05 (71%) | 0 | — | — | |
| ZC Labs | 79.384% | — | 2 | 99.9% | 3.3% | |
| NeuroLabs Research | 78.186% | $0.07 (100%) | 1 | 99.3% | 0.6% | |
| Modern AminosISO/IEC 17025 | 74100% | — | 1 | 99.7% | 5.1% | |
| Simple Peptide | 7489% | — | 1 | 99.8% | 0.3% | |
| American PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 73.5100% | $0.13 (186%) | 1 | 99.9% | 0.4% | |
| Eternal Peptides | 7365% | $0.04 (57%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Vertex Labs | 70.170% | — | 1 | 99.7% | 2.3% | |
| Good Science Bio | 66.575% | $0.09 (129%) | 0 | — | — | |
| True Research Labs | 65.571% | $0.08 (114%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Mile High Compounds | 51.194% | $8.00 (250%) | 0 | — | — |
Certificate records
| Vendor | Lot | Tested | Lab | Labeled | Assayed | Discrepancy | Purity | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZC Labs | ZCLa2608240407 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 1500 mg | 1556.58 mg | 3.8% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| ZC Labs | ZCLa2608250018 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 1500 mg | 1541.96 mg | 2.8% | 100.0% | Vendor-published | |
| Vertex Labs | 2608190847 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 1500 mg | 1534.67 mg | 2.3% | 99.7% | Vendor-published | |
| PeptidePlugs | 189-04-DK | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 1500 mg | 1526.79 mg | 1.8% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Ascend Science | AS-GLUT600-2 | Kovera Labs and/or ILS Labs | 1500 mg | 580.58 mg | 61.3% | 99.3% | Vendor-published | |
| Next Gen Peptides | GLUT-005 | ILS Laboratories | 1500 mg | 1558.65 mg | 3.9% | 99.2% | Vendor-published | |
| Modern Aminos | BX-P-E3J1 | Analysis FreedomDiagnostics | 600 mg | 630.57 mg | 5.1% | 99.7% | Vendor-published | |
| Simple Peptide | GLUT-062026-1 | Analysis FreedomDiagnostics | 1500 mg | 1505.23 mg | 0.3% | 99.8% | Vendor-published | |
| American Peptides | LGLU600-0528 | Bioviridian Inc. | 600 mg | 602.43 mg | 0.4% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| PeptidePlugs | 137-02-SM | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 1500 mg | 1516.27 mg | 1.1% | 99.6% | Vendor-published | |
| Ascend Science | AS-GLUT1500-2 | ILS Labs | 1500 mg | 1520.1 mg | 1.3% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Next Gen Peptides | GLU-03 | ILS Laboratories | 1500 mg | 1529.73 mg | 2.0% | 98.4% | Vendor-published | |
| NeuroLabs Research | NL02-GLUT | Analysis FreedomDiagnostics | 600 mg | 603.88 mg | 0.6% | 99.3% | Vendor-published | |
| Prime Peptides | 3152026GLU | Bioviridian Inc. | 1500 mg | 1508.43 mg | 0.6% | 99.8% | Vendor-published | |
| Hydro Research Peptides | HYDROJ9Y2WD6 | Testing facility name not provided | 1500 mg | 1689.04 mg | 12.6% | 99.2% | Vendor-published |