NAD+
MetabolicAlso known as Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Evidence tier
Regulator-reviewed human evidence
3 human trials · 1 review
- Researched since
- 1980
- Publications
- 62k
- Mean purity
- 99.8%
- Vendors listing
- 18
Origin Labs shows the highest mean assayed purity for NAD+ at 100.0% across 1 lot record. Purity figures below come from the certificates named in each row.
Score breakdown
The score has two halves: the research base — how long the compound has been studied and how much has been published — and the quality of the evidence the market produces for it, aggregated across every vendor that carries it: assayed purity, lot-to-lot consistency, readable third-party certificates and those vendors’ review record. It measures the evidence base, not the merits or safety of the substance.
Studied since 1980 — 46 years of published research
How long the compound has been studied. Fifteen years or more of published literature earns full marks; a newer compound earns less.
62,478 publications indexed in PubMed
The volume of published literature located. Full marks at fifty or more publications.
Mean assayed purity 99.8% across 18 certificates
Average assayed purity on the certificates published by vendors that carry this compound. Full marks at 99.5%+, nothing at 95% or below.
±0.19 pts purity across lots, mean label deviation 10.1%
How tightly assayed purity and labeled-versus-actual mass hold across different lots. Rewards reproducible manufacturing.
18 of 18 listing vendors publish an accessible certificate policy
Whether the vendors carrying this compound publish per-lot certificates anyone can read without an account.
17 of 18 certificates from a recognised independent lab
Share of certificates issued by a recognised third-party testing lab rather than an unnamed or self-named one.
What is NAD+?
A coenzyme present in all living cells, sold by research chemical vendors as a lyophilised powder. It is a nucleotide rather than a peptide, and is included here because it appears in the catalogs of vendors in this index.
Studied in published research for cellular energy, metabolism and ageing.
Regulatory status
Sold in various regulatory categories depending on jurisdiction and form. Research-grade material listed by indexed vendors is labeled for laboratory research use only.
What the research examines
The areas of published research this compound appears in. These describe what the literature has studied — never a claim of benefit, effect or suitability for any use.
Published research
A large published literature exists on the biochemistry of this coenzyme. That literature concerns cellular metabolism and is not evidence about any product sold by any vendor. Purity and identity for a given lot rest on its certificate.
- NAD(+) metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing — Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology (2021)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology (2021).
- NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration — Science (New York, N.Y.) (2015)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Science (New York, N.Y.) (2015).
- The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: an Update — Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) (2023)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) (2023).
- NAD(+) metabolism: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic potential — Signal transduction and targeted therapy (2020)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Signal transduction and targeted therapy (2020).
- NAD(+) homeostasis in health and disease — Nature metabolism (2020)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Nature metabolism (2020).
- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD(+))-Dependent Signaling in Neurological Disorders — Antioxidants & redox signaling (2023)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Antioxidants & redox signaling (2023).
- Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+) ) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide-related compound treatment — Journal of diabetes investigation (2020)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Journal of diabetes investigation (2020).
- The kynurenine pathway: a finger in every pie — Molecular psychiatry (2020)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Molecular psychiatry (2020).
Indexed studies4 human-evidence of 4
- The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial — Human — controlled trial, 2023
In animal studies, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation increases nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentrations and improves healthspan and lifespan with great safety. However, it is unclear if these effects can be transferred to humans. This randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial included 80 middle-aged healthy adults being randomized for a 60-day clinical trial with once daily or…
- Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of NAD in different clinical conditions: a systematic review — Systematic review, 2024
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential pyridine nucleotide cofactor that is present in cells and in several important biological processes, including oxidative phosphorylation and production of adenosine triphosphate, DNA repair, calcium-dependent secondary messenger and gene expression. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine whether the coenzyme formulae NAD+ and NADH are safe and effective when acting as a supplement to humans. This systematic…
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women — Human — controlled trial, 2021
In rodents, obesity and aging impair nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis, which contributes to metabolic dysfunction. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) availability is a rate-limiting factor in mammalian NAD+ biosynthesis. We conducted a 10-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to evaluate the effect of NMN supplementation on metabolic function in postmenopausal women with prediabetes who were overweight or obese. Insulin-stimulated glucos…
- Zinc promotes microbial p-coumaric acid production that protects against cholestatic liver injury — Human — controlled trial, 2024
Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is a common liver disorder with limited treatment options. Here, we demonstrate that zinc (Zn) supplementation can alter the gut microbiome to mitigate cholestatic liver injury. Oral Zn altered the microbiota of mice and humans (this study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov [NCT05597137]), increasing the abundance of Blautia producta (B. producta) and promoting the generation of p-coumaric acid. Additionally, p-coumaric acid concentratio…
Evidence digest
What the research on NAD+ actually shows
The indexed literature on NAD+ includes human clinical or observational records (4 human-clinical or observational records). This digest describes the shape of that evidence and links the records behind it. It does not judge whether NAD+ is safe or effective for any purpose, and nothing here is medical advice — the material sold by the vendors in this index is labeled for laboratory research use only.
3 things the literature does not establish →
PepIndex describes what literature exists. We do not interpret it, assess clinical significance, or publish quantities, protocols or instructions for use.
Vendor comparison
| Vendor | Score here | Price / mg | Certificates | Mean purity | Label deviation | Get it |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuroISO/IEC 17025 | 93.877% | — | 3 | 99.9% | 21.9% | |
| Polaris PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 93.877% | — | 1 | 99.9% | 7.8% | |
| Ascend ScienceISO/IEC 17025 | 90.291% | — | 2 | 99.5% | 25.7% | |
| Prime PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 87.180% | — | 1 | 99.8% | 0.5% | |
| American PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 83.6100% | — | 2 | 99.9% | 0.4% | |
| Origin Labs | 81.885% | — | 1 | 100.0% | 9.5% | |
| Northline LabsISO/IEC 17025 | 79.493% | — | 1 | 99.5% | 2.0% | |
| ZC Labs | 79.384% | — | 3 | 99.8% | 2.5% | |
| Ascension Peptides | 78.186% | — | 1 | 99.7% | 21.6% | |
| Disguised Alpha | 75.370% | $0.03 (30%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Next Gen PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 73.897% | $0.46 (250%) | 2 | 99.6% | 5.6% | |
| Improved Peptides | 72.989% | $0.15 (86%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Amino ClubISO/IEC 17025 | 70.495% | $0.50 (250%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Mile High Compounds | 70.494% | $0.12 (69%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Vertex Labs | 70.170% | — | 1 | 99.9% | 3.8% | |
| Eternal Peptides | 7065% | $0.14 (80%) | 0 | — | — | |
| BioLongevity Labs | 63.674% | $0.25 (143%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Evolve Peptides | 63.167% | $0.20 (114%) | 0 | — | — |
Certificate records
| Vendor | Lot | Tested | Lab | Labeled | Assayed | Discrepancy | Purity | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascend Science | AS-NAD1000-2 | Kovera Labs and/or ILS Labs | 1000 mg | 977.19 mg | 2.3% | 99.5% | Vendor-published | |
| Ascend Science | AS-NAD500-2 | Kovera Labs and/or ILS Labs | 1000 mg | 509.62 mg | 49.0% | 99.5% | Vendor-published | |
| ZC Labs | ZCLa2607301117 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 1000 mg | 1046.46 mg | 4.6% | 99.8% | Vendor-published | |
| Origin Labs | Orig2607270911 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 500 mg | 547.28 mg | 9.5% | 100.0% | Vendor-published | |
| ZC Labs | ZCLa2607100471 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 1000 mg | 1023.79 mg | 2.4% | 99.8% | Vendor-published | |
| Curo | NAD500SR626 | BTLabs | 500 mg | 615.7 mg | 23.1% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Vertex Labs | 2607010624 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 500 mg | 518.86 mg | 3.8% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| ZC Labs | ZCLa2606260474 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 500 mg | 502.31 mg | 0.5% | 99.7% | Vendor-published | |
| Next Gen Peptides | NSP-NAD-01 | ILS Laboratories | 1500 mg | 1573.65 mg | 4.9% | 99.3% | Vendor-published | |
| American Peptides | NAD500-0401 | Bioviridian Inc. | 500 mg | 502.47 mg | 0.5% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| American Peptides | NAD1000-0401 | Bioviridian Inc. | 1000 mg | 1002.51 mg | 0.3% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Curo | NAD500SR526 | BTLabs | 500 mg | 596.9 mg | 19.4% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Curo | NAD1000SR526 | BTLabs | 1000 mg | 1231.7 mg | 23.2% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Next Gen Peptides | ND500-4 | ILS Laboratories | 500 mg | 531.79 mg | 6.4% | 99.8% | Vendor-published | |
| Northline Labs | NLL-1651703 | ILS Laboratories | 500 mg | 510 mg | 2.0% | 99.5% | Vendor-published | |
| Prime Peptides | 2172026ND | Excellence in HPLC-MS Analysis | 1000 mg | 1004.56 mg | 0.5% | 99.8% | Vendor-published | |
| Polaris Peptides | POL-NAD500-6A | POL | 500 mg | 538.8 mg | 7.8% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Ascension Peptides | 25-01260229 | MZ Biolabs | 1000 mg | 784.32 mg | 21.6% | 99.7% | Vendor-published |