SS-31
Tissue & recoveryAlso known as Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia
Evidence tier
Substantial published literature
463 publications over 21 years · trials not yet curated
- Researched since
- 2005
- Publications
- 463
- Mean purity
- 99.7%
- Vendors listing
- 15
PeptidePlugs shows the highest mean assayed purity for SS-31 at 99.9% across 6 lot records. Purity figures below come from the certificates named in each row.
Score breakdown
The score has two halves: the research base — how long the compound has been studied and how much has been published — and the quality of the evidence the market produces for it, aggregated across every vendor that carries it: assayed purity, lot-to-lot consistency, readable third-party certificates and those vendors’ review record. It measures the evidence base, not the merits or safety of the substance.
Studied since 2005 — 21 years of published research
How long the compound has been studied. Fifteen years or more of published literature earns full marks; a newer compound earns less.
463 publications indexed in PubMed
The volume of published literature located. Full marks at fifty or more publications.
Mean assayed purity 99.7% across 12 certificates
Average assayed purity on the certificates published by vendors that carry this compound. Full marks at 99.5%+, nothing at 95% or below.
±0.30 pts purity across lots, mean label deviation 15.3%
How tightly assayed purity and labeled-versus-actual mass hold across different lots. Rewards reproducible manufacturing.
15 of 15 listing vendors publish an accessible certificate policy
Whether the vendors carrying this compound publish per-lot certificates anyone can read without an account.
12 of 12 certificates from a recognised independent lab
Share of certificates issued by a recognised third-party testing lab rather than an unnamed or self-named one.
What is SS-31?
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (also known as elamipretide) studied for its effects on mitochondrial function and cellular energy.
Studied in published research for mitochondrial function and tissue protection.
Regulatory status
Labeled by vendors for laboratory research use only. Not approved as a medicine in the United States, United Kingdom, or European Union.
What the research examines
The areas of published research this compound appears in. These describe what the literature has studied — never a claim of benefit, effect or suitability for any use.
Published research
Studied in animal models and human trials of mitochondrial and cardiac disease. PepIndex does not evaluate clinical significance and does not describe administration.
- Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice — Journal of neuroinflammation (2019)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Journal of neuroinflammation (2019).
- SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting — Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (2025)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (2025).
- Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) — Cells (2021)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Cells (2021).
- Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction With Elamipretide (SS-31) Improves Skeletal Muscle Performance in a HFpEF Rat Model — Circulation. Heart failure (2026)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Circulation. Heart failure (2026).
- Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential — International journal of molecular sciences (2025)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in International journal of molecular sciences (2025).
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease Progression — Cells (2025)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Cells (2025).
- Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31 — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2020)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2020).
- Elamipretide(SS-31) Attenuates Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Nrf2-Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages — Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
Peer-reviewed article indexed in PubMed, published in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2023).
PepIndex describes what literature exists. We do not interpret it, assess clinical significance, or publish quantities, protocols or instructions for use.
Vendor comparison
| Vendor | Score here | Price / mg | Certificates | Mean purity | Label deviation | Get it |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polaris PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 93.877% | — | 1 | 99.8% | 4.3% | |
| American PeptidesISO/IEC 17025 | 93.5100% | $1.40 (30%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Ascend ScienceISO/IEC 17025 | 90.291% | $2.66 (56%) | 1 | 99.6% | 77.7% | |
| PeptidePlugs | 89.790% | — | 6 | 99.9% | 5.3% | |
| ZC Labs | 79.384% | — | 1 | 99.8% | 11.3% | |
| NeuroLabs Research | 79.286% | $4.50 (95%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Good Science Bio | 79.275% | $1.10 (30%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Koi Peptides | 78.794% | $5.00 (105%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Licensed Peptides | 7789% | — | 1 | 98.8% | 38.2% | |
| Ascension Peptides | 7786% | $5.00 (105%) | 1 | 99.5% | 0.5% | |
| Evolve Peptides | 71.767% | $3.40 (72%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Vertex Labs | 70.170% | — | 1 | 99.8% | 19.7% | |
| Evo Labs Research | 66.289% | $7.00 (147%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Sports Technology Labs | 54.974% | $8.00 (168%) | 0 | — | — | |
| Mile High Compounds | 54.694% | $7.00 (147%) | 0 | — | — |
Certificate records
| Vendor | Lot | Tested | Lab | Labeled | Assayed | Discrepancy | Purity | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PeptidePlugs | 7208100C-DK | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 10 mg | 10.56 mg | 5.6% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Ascend Science | AS-SS10-2 | Kovera Labs and/or ILS Labs | 50 mg | 11.15 mg | 77.7% | 99.6% | Vendor-published | |
| ZC Labs | ZCLa2607301116 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 50 mg | 55.67 mg | 11.3% | 99.8% | Vendor-published | |
| PeptidePlugs | 160-450X-DK | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 50 mg | 48.72 mg | 2.6% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| PeptidePlugs | 160-450L-DK | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 50 mg | 51.51 mg | 3.0% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Vertex Labs | 2607010629 | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 10 mg | 11.97 mg | 19.7% | 99.8% | Vendor-published | |
| PeptidePlugs | 144-01-DK | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 10 mg | 10.74 mg | 7.4% | 100.0% | Vendor-published | |
| PeptidePlugs | 122-02-DK | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 50 mg | 49.48 mg | 1.0% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| PeptidePlugs | 121-A-D | Freedom Diagnostics Testing | 10 mg | 11.2 mg | 12.0% | 99.9% | Vendor-published | |
| Polaris Peptides | POL-SS31-1 | TrustPointe Analytics LLC | 25 mg | 26.07 mg | 4.3% | 99.8% | Vendor-published | |
| Licensed Peptides | 1201SSB | Vanguard Laboratory | 50 mg | 69.1 mg | 38.2% | 98.8% | Vendor-published | |
| Ascension Peptides | 40-07250828 | MZ Biolabs | 10 mg | 9.95 mg | 0.5% | 99.5% | Vendor-published |